TM12: Dynamic Roadway Warning

This service package includes systems that dynamically warn drivers and other road users of hazards on a roadway. Such hazards include roadway weather conditions, road surface conditions, traffic conditions including queues, obstacles or animals in the roadway and any other transient event that can be sensed. These dynamic roadway warning systems can alert approaching drivers and other road users via warning signs, flashing lights, in-vehicle messages, etc. Such systems can increase the safety of a roadway by reducing the occurrence of incidents. The system can be centrally monitored and controlled by a traffic management center or it can be autonomous.

Speed warnings that consider the limitations of a given vehicle for the geometry of the roadway (e.g., rollover risk for tall vehicles) are not included in this service package but are covered by the TM17 – Speed Warning and Enforcement service package.

Roadway warning systems, especially queue warning systems are an Active Traffic Management (ATM) strategy and are typically used in conjunction with other ATM strategies (such as TM20-Variable Speed Limits and TM22-Dynamic Lane Management and Shoulder Use).

Relevant Regions: Australia, Canada, European Union, and United States

• Enterprise
• Functional
• Physical
• Goals and Objectives
• Needs and Requirements
• Sources
• Security
• Standards
• System Requirements

Enterprise

Development Stage Roles and Relationships

(hide)

Source	Destination	Role/Relationship
ITS Roadway Equipment Developer	ITS Roadway Equipment	Develops (hide) An Enterprise creates the target Resource or Document. The Enterprise that engineers a traffic signal controller (ITS Roadway Equipment), or designs a vehicle (Basic Vehicle) or authors a technical standard will have the Develops role.
ITS Roadway Equipment Developer	Other ITS Roadway Equipment Developer	Application Interface Specification (hide) The definition of an interface between two application components that operate on two distinct pieces of hardware. The Application Interface Specification is specific to the application in question.
ITS Roadway Equipment Developer	Traffic Management Center Developer	Application Interface Specification (hide) The definition of an interface between two application components that operate on two distinct pieces of hardware. The Application Interface Specification is specific to the application in question.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Developer	ITS Roadway Equipment Developer	Application Interface Specification (hide) The definition of an interface between two application components that operate on two distinct pieces of hardware. The Application Interface Specification is specific to the application in question.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Developer	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Develops (hide) An Enterprise creates the target Resource or Document. The Enterprise that engineers a traffic signal controller (ITS Roadway Equipment), or designs a vehicle (Basic Vehicle) or authors a technical standard will have the Develops role.
Traffic Management Center Developer	ITS Roadway Equipment Developer	Application Interface Specification (hide) The definition of an interface between two application components that operate on two distinct pieces of hardware. The Application Interface Specification is specific to the application in question.
Traffic Management Center Developer	Traffic Management Center	Develops (hide) An Enterprise creates the target Resource or Document. The Enterprise that engineers a traffic signal controller (ITS Roadway Equipment), or designs a vehicle (Basic Vehicle) or authors a technical standard will have the Develops role.
Vehicle Characteristics Developer	Vehicle Characteristics	Develops (hide) An Enterprise creates the target Resource or Document. The Enterprise that engineers a traffic signal controller (ITS Roadway Equipment), or designs a vehicle (Basic Vehicle) or authors a technical standard will have the Develops role.

Installation Stage Roles and Relationships

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Source	Destination	Role/Relationship
ITS Roadway Equipment Installer	ITS Roadway Equipment	Installs (hide) An Enterprise performs the initial delivery, integration and configuration of the target Resource. This might be a system integrator, a state DOT Enterprise performing its own installation, or a device supplier that performs on-site installation.
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	ITS Roadway Equipment Installer	Installation Agreement (hide) An agreement whereupon one party installs a system on behalf of a second party.
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	ITS Roadway Equipment Verifier	Verification Agreement (hide) An agreement for one party to verify that a system owned by the second party operates according to the system's design.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Installer	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Installs (hide) An Enterprise performs the initial delivery, integration and configuration of the target Resource. This might be a system integrator, a state DOT Enterprise performing its own installation, or a device supplier that performs on-site installation.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Other ITS Roadway Equipment Installer	Installation Agreement (hide) An agreement whereupon one party installs a system on behalf of a second party.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Other ITS Roadway Equipment Verifier	Verification Agreement (hide) An agreement for one party to verify that a system owned by the second party operates according to the system's design.
Traffic Management Center Installer	Traffic Management Center	Installs (hide) An Enterprise performs the initial delivery, integration and configuration of the target Resource. This might be a system integrator, a state DOT Enterprise performing its own installation, or a device supplier that performs on-site installation.
Traffic Management Center Owner	Traffic Management Center Installer	Installation Agreement (hide) An agreement whereupon one party installs a system on behalf of a second party.
Traffic Management Center Owner	Traffic Management Center Verifier	Verification Agreement (hide) An agreement for one party to verify that a system owned by the second party operates according to the system's design.
Vehicle Characteristics Installer	Vehicle Characteristics	Installs (hide) An Enterprise performs the initial delivery, integration and configuration of the target Resource. This might be a system integrator, a state DOT Enterprise performing its own installation, or a device supplier that performs on-site installation.
Vehicle Characteristics Owner	Vehicle Characteristics Installer	Installation Agreement (hide) An agreement whereupon one party installs a system on behalf of a second party.
Vehicle Characteristics Owner	Vehicle Characteristics Verifier	Verification Agreement (hide) An agreement for one party to verify that a system owned by the second party operates according to the system's design.

Operations and Maintenance Stage Roles and Relationships

(hide)

Source	Destination	Role/Relationship
ITS Roadway Equipment Maintainer	ITS Roadway Equipment	Maintains (hide) An Enterprise administers the hardware and software that comprise the target Resource. The entity that takes the 'maintains' role typically is delegated authority by the entity with the "Owns" or "Manages" roles, depending on the environment. The maintainer interacts with the target Resource so as to keep that Resource in the Operational state.
ITS Roadway Equipment Manager	ITS Roadway Equipment	Manages (hide) The Enterprise that is accountable for performing actions with a Resource, typically in support of one of the key operations-related roles (operates, installs, maintains). This authority is typically delegated by the Enterprise with the "Owns" role, and commonly accomplished by delegation to Human E-Objects with the "operates", "installs" or "maintains" roles, depending on the context.
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	ITS Roadway Equipment Maintainer	System Maintenance Agreement (hide) An agreement for one party to maintain the operational status of a system on behalf of the party with ownership control of the system.
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	ITS Roadway Equipment Manager	Operations Agreement (hide) An agreement where one entity agrees to operate a device or application on behalf of another, device/application controlling entity.
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Other ITS Roadway Equipment Maintainer	Maintenance Data Exchange Agreement (hide) An agreement that states one entity will provide data related to maintenance of an application component to the other entity.
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Information Exchange and Action Agreement (hide) An agreement to exchange information, which may include data or control information; the exact information to be exchanged may vary from agreement to agreement. This also includes a specification for action that shall, should or may be taken by one party in response to this information.
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Other ITS Roadway Equipment User	Service Usage Agreement (hide) An agreement between the provider of a service and a user. Stipulates the terms and conditions of service usage.
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Traffic Management Center Maintainer	Maintenance Data Exchange Agreement (hide) An agreement that states one entity will provide data related to maintenance of an application component to the other entity.
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Traffic Management Center Owner	Information Exchange and Action Agreement (hide) An agreement to exchange information, which may include data or control information; the exact information to be exchanged may vary from agreement to agreement. This also includes a specification for action that shall, should or may be taken by one party in response to this information.
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Traffic Management Center User	Service Usage Agreement (hide) An agreement between the provider of a service and a user. Stipulates the terms and conditions of service usage.
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Traffic Operations Personnel	Application Usage Agreement (hide) An agreement in which one entity that controls an application component's use gives the other entity the necessary tools and permission to operate that application or application component.
ITS Roadway Equipment Supplier	ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Warranty (hide) A guarantee or promise made by one entity to another, that provides assurance of the functionality and performance of a subsystem.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Maintainer	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Maintains (hide) An Enterprise administers the hardware and software that comprise the target Resource. The entity that takes the 'maintains' role typically is delegated authority by the entity with the "Owns" or "Manages" roles, depending on the environment. The maintainer interacts with the target Resource so as to keep that Resource in the Operational state.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Manager	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Manages (hide) The Enterprise that is accountable for performing actions with a Resource, typically in support of one of the key operations-related roles (operates, installs, maintains). This authority is typically delegated by the Enterprise with the "Owns" role, and commonly accomplished by delegation to Human E-Objects with the "operates", "installs" or "maintains" roles, depending on the context.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	ITS Roadway Equipment Maintainer	Maintenance Data Exchange Agreement (hide) An agreement that states one entity will provide data related to maintenance of an application component to the other entity.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Information Exchange and Action Agreement (hide) An agreement to exchange information, which may include data or control information; the exact information to be exchanged may vary from agreement to agreement. This also includes a specification for action that shall, should or may be taken by one party in response to this information.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	ITS Roadway Equipment User	Service Usage Agreement (hide) An agreement between the provider of a service and a user. Stipulates the terms and conditions of service usage.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Other ITS Roadway Equipment Maintainer	System Maintenance Agreement (hide) An agreement for one party to maintain the operational status of a system on behalf of the party with ownership control of the system.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Other ITS Roadway Equipment Manager	Operations Agreement (hide) An agreement where one entity agrees to operate a device or application on behalf of another, device/application controlling entity.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Supplier	Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Warranty (hide) A guarantee or promise made by one entity to another, that provides assurance of the functionality and performance of a subsystem.
Traffic Management Center Maintainer	Traffic Management Center	Maintains (hide) An Enterprise administers the hardware and software that comprise the target Resource. The entity that takes the 'maintains' role typically is delegated authority by the entity with the "Owns" or "Manages" roles, depending on the environment. The maintainer interacts with the target Resource so as to keep that Resource in the Operational state.
Traffic Management Center Manager	Traffic Management Center	Manages (hide) The Enterprise that is accountable for performing actions with a Resource, typically in support of one of the key operations-related roles (operates, installs, maintains). This authority is typically delegated by the Enterprise with the "Owns" role, and commonly accomplished by delegation to Human E-Objects with the "operates", "installs" or "maintains" roles, depending on the context.
Traffic Management Center Manager	Traffic Operations Personnel	System Usage Agreement (hide) An agreement granting operational use of a system to a Human with the operates role responsible for management of the system.
Traffic Management Center Owner	ITS Roadway Equipment Maintainer	Maintenance Data Exchange Agreement (hide) An agreement that states one entity will provide data related to maintenance of an application component to the other entity.
Traffic Management Center Owner	ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Information Provision Agreement (hide) An agreement where one party agrees to provide information to another party. This is a unidirectional agreement.
Traffic Management Center Owner	ITS Roadway Equipment User	Service Usage Agreement (hide) An agreement between the provider of a service and a user. Stipulates the terms and conditions of service usage.
Traffic Management Center Owner	Traffic Management Center Maintainer	System Maintenance Agreement (hide) An agreement for one party to maintain the operational status of a system on behalf of the party with ownership control of the system.
Traffic Management Center Owner	Traffic Management Center Manager	Operations Agreement (hide) An agreement where one entity agrees to operate a device or application on behalf of another, device/application controlling entity.
Traffic Management Center Supplier	Traffic Management Center Owner	Warranty (hide) A guarantee or promise made by one entity to another, that provides assurance of the functionality and performance of a subsystem.
Traffic Operations Personnel	Traffic Management Center	Operates (hide) A Human that is accountable for performing actions with a Resource, typically in support of one of the key operations-related roles (operates, installs, maintains). This is the person at the console or behind the wheel.
Vehicle Characteristics Maintainer	Vehicle Characteristics	Maintains (hide) An Enterprise administers the hardware and software that comprise the target Resource. The entity that takes the 'maintains' role typically is delegated authority by the entity with the "Owns" or "Manages" roles, depending on the environment. The maintainer interacts with the target Resource so as to keep that Resource in the Operational state.
Vehicle Characteristics Manager	Vehicle Characteristics	Manages (hide) The Enterprise that is accountable for performing actions with a Resource, typically in support of one of the key operations-related roles (operates, installs, maintains). This authority is typically delegated by the Enterprise with the "Owns" role, and commonly accomplished by delegation to Human E-Objects with the "operates", "installs" or "maintains" roles, depending on the context.
Vehicle Characteristics Owner	Vehicle Characteristics Maintainer	System Maintenance Agreement (hide) An agreement for one party to maintain the operational status of a system on behalf of the party with ownership control of the system.
Vehicle Characteristics Owner	Vehicle Characteristics Manager	Operations Agreement (hide) An agreement where one entity agrees to operate a device or application on behalf of another, device/application controlling entity.
Vehicle Characteristics Supplier	Vehicle Characteristics Owner	Warranty (hide) A guarantee or promise made by one entity to another, that provides assurance of the functionality and performance of a subsystem.

Functional

This service package includes the following Functional View PSpecs:

Physical Object	Functional Object	PSpec Number	PSpec Name
ITS Roadway Equipment	Roadway Basic Surveillance	1.1.1.1	Process Traffic Sensor Data
		1.1.1.7	Process Road User Protection
		1.1.2.11	Control Dynamic Lanes
		1.2.7.16	Process Signal Control Conflict Monitoring
		1.2.7.2	Monitor Roadside Equipment Operation
		1.2.7.8	Provide Device Interface to Other Roadway Devices
		1.3.1.3	Process Traffic Images
		9.2.3.6	Collect Field Equipment Status for Repair
		9.3.3.1	Collect Vehicle Speed
	Roadway Warning	1.2.7.12	Control Roadway Warning System
Traffic Management Center	TMC Basic Surveillance	1.1.2.1	Process Traffic Data for Storage
		1.1.2.2	Process Traffic Data
		1.1.2.3	Update Data Source Static Data
		1.1.2.5	Process Vehicle Situation Data
		1.1.2.8	Process Roadway Environmental Data
		1.1.3	Generate Predictive Traffic Model
		1.1.4.1	Retrieve Traffic Data
		1.1.4.2	Provide Traffic Operations Personnel Traffic Data Interface
		1.1.5	Exchange Data with Other Traffic Centers
		1.2.6.1	Maintain Traffic and Sensor Static Data
		1.2.8	Collect Traffic Field Equipment Fault Data
		1.3.1.1	Analyze Traffic Data for Incidents
		1.3.2.1	Store Possible Incident Data
		1.3.2.5	Provide Current Incidents Store Interface
		1.3.2.6	Manage Traffic Routing
		1.3.4.2	Provide Traffic Operations Personnel Incident Interface
		1.3.4.5	Process Video Data
	TMC Roadway Warning	1.1.4.2	Provide Traffic Operations Personnel Traffic Data Interface
		1.2.4.7	Manage Roadway Warning System

Physical

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Includes Physical Objects:

Physical Object	Class	Description
Driver	Vehicle	The 'Driver' represents the person that operates a vehicle on the roadway. Included are operators of private, transit, commercial, and emergency vehicles where the interactions are not particular to the type of vehicle (e.g., interactions supporting vehicle safety applications). The Driver originates driver requests and receives driver information that reflects the interactions which might be useful to all drivers, regardless of vehicle classification. Information and interactions which are unique to drivers of a specific vehicle type (e.g., fleet interactions with transit, commercial, or emergency vehicle drivers) are covered by separate objects.
ITS Roadway Equipment	Field	'ITS Roadway Equipment' represents the ITS equipment that is distributed on and along the roadway that monitors and controls traffic and monitors and manages the roadway. This physical object includes traffic detectors, environmental sensors, traffic signals, highway advisory radios, dynamic message signs, CCTV cameras and video image processing systems, grade crossing warning systems, and ramp metering systems. Lane management systems and barrier systems that control access to transportation infrastructure such as roadways, bridges and tunnels are also included. This object also provides environmental monitoring including sensors that measure road conditions, surface weather, and vehicle emissions. Work zone systems including work zone surveillance, traffic control, driver warning, and work crew safety systems are also included.
MMV User	Personal	The 'MMV User' represents the person that operates a micromobility vehicle (MMV). Included are cyclists and operators of other low-powered mobility devices such as e-scooters, powered wheelchairs, and power assisted bicycles where the interactions are not particular to the type of vehicle (e.g., interactions supporting vehicle safety applications). The MMV User participates in ITS services that support safe, shared use of the transportation network by motorized and non-motorized transportation modes. Representing those using non-motorized travel modes, and in particular bicyclists that sometimes share motor vehicle lanes, these MMV users provide input (e.g. a call signal requesting right of way at an intersection) and may be detected by ITS services to improve safety. The MMV User originates requests and receives information that reflects the interactions which might be useful to all users, regardless of vehicle type.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Field	Representing another set of ITS Roadway Equipment, 'Other ITS Roadway Equipment' supports 'field device' to 'field device' communication and coordination, and provides a source and destination for information that may be exchanged between ITS Roadway Equipment. The interface enables direct coordination between field equipment. Examples include the direct interface between sensors and other roadway devices (e.g., Dynamic Message Signs) and the direct interface between roadway devices (e.g., between a Signal System Master and Signal System Local equipment) or a connection between an arterial signal system master and a ramp meter controller.
Potential Obstacles	Field	'Potential Obstacles' represents any object that possesses the potential of being sensed and struck and thus also possesses physical attributes. Potential Obstacles include roadside obstructions, debris, animals, infrastructure elements (barrels, cones, barriers, etc.) or any other element that is in a potential path of the vehicle. Note that roadside objects and pieces of equipment that can become obstacles in a vehicle's path can include materials, coatings, or labels (e.g., barcodes) that will improve the performance of the vehicle-based sensors that must detect and avoid these obstacles. See also 'Vulnerable Road Users' that more specifically represents the physical properties of shared users of the roadway that must also be detected.
Traffic Management Center	Center	The 'Traffic Management Center' monitors and controls traffic and the road network. It represents centers that manage a broad range of transportation facilities including freeway systems, rural and suburban highway systems, and urban and suburban traffic control systems. It communicates with ITS Roadway Equipment and Connected Vehicle Roadside Equipment (RSE) to monitor and manage traffic flow and monitor the condition of the roadway, surrounding environmental conditions, and field equipment status. It manages traffic and transportation resources to support allied agencies in responding to, and recovering from, incidents ranging from minor traffic incidents through major disasters.
Traffic Operations Personnel	Center	'Traffic Operations Personnel' represents the people that operate a traffic management center. These personnel interact with traffic control systems, traffic surveillance systems, incident management systems, work zone management systems, and travel demand management systems. They provide operator data and command inputs to direct system operations to varying degrees depending on the type of system and the deployment scenario.
Vehicle Characteristics	Vehicle	'Vehicle Characteristics' represents the external view of individual vehicles of any class from cars and light trucks up to large commercial vehicles and down to micromobility vehicles (MMVs). It includes vehicle physical characteristics such as height, width, length, weight, and other properties (e.g., magnetic properties, number of axles) of individual vehicles that can be sensed and measured or classified. This physical object represents the physical properties of vehicles that can be sensed by vehicle-based or infrastructure-based sensors to support vehicle automation and traffic sensor systems. The analog properties provided by this terminator represent the sensor inputs that are used to detect and assess vehicle(s) within the sensor's range to support safe AV operation and/or responsive and safe traffic management.
Vulnerable Road Users	Personal	'Vulnerable Road Users' represents any roadway user not in a motorized vehicle capable of operating at the posted speed for the roadway in question, and also any roadway user in a vehicle not designed to encase (and thus protect) its occupants. This includes pedestrians, cyclists, wheelchair users, two-wheeled scooter micromobility users, as well as powered scooters and motorcycles. Note that this terminator represents the physical properties of vulnerable road users and their conveyance that may be sensed to support safe vehicle automation and traffic management in mixed mode applications where a variety of road users share the right-of-way. See also 'Pedestrian' and 'MMV User' Physical Objects that represent the human interface to these vulnerable road users.

Includes Functional Objects:

Functional Object	Description	Physical Object
Roadway Basic Surveillance	'Roadway Basic Surveillance' monitors traffic conditions using fixed equipment such as loop detectors and CCTV cameras.	ITS Roadway Equipment
Roadway Warning	'Roadway Warning' includes the field equipment used to warn drivers approaching hazards on a roadway. Warnings may be generated in response to roadway weather conditions, road surface conditions, traffic conditions including queues, obstacles or animals in the roadway, and any other transient events that can be sensed. The equipment monitors traffic and roadway conditions and may send data to a Traffic Management Center for processing or may process it to determine when a warning should be issued. When it is determined that a warning should be issued, the equipment is used to alert approaching drivers via dynamic warning signs, flashing lights, in-vehicle messages, etc.	ITS Roadway Equipment
TMC Basic Surveillance	'TMC Basic Surveillance' remotely monitors and controls traffic sensor systems and surveillance (e.g., CCTV) equipment, and collects, processes and stores the collected traffic data. Current traffic information and other real-time transportation information is also collected from other centers. The collected information is provided to traffic operations personnel and made available to other centers.	Traffic Management Center
TMC Roadway Warning	'TMC Roadway Warning' remotely monitors and controls the systems used to warn drivers approaching hazards on a roadway. It monitors data on roadway conditions from sensors in the field and generates warnings in response to roadway weather conditions, road surface conditions, traffic conditions including queues, obstacles or animals in the roadway, and any other transient events that can be sensed.	Traffic Management Center

Includes Information Flows:

Information Flow	Description
driver information	Regulatory, warning, guidance, and other information provided to the driver to support safe and efficient vehicle operation.
physical presence	Detection of an obstacle. Obstacle could include animals, incident management and construction elements such as cones, barrels and barriers, rocks in roadway, etc.
roadway warning coordination	The direct flow of information between field equipment. This includes information used to configure and control roadway warning systems and the current operating status of roadway warning systems.
roadway warning system control	Information used to configure and control roadway warning systems.
roadway warning system status	Current operating status of roadway warning systems.
traffic detector control	Information used to configure and control traffic detector systems such as inductive loop detectors and machine vision sensors.
traffic detector coordination	The direct flow of information between field equipment. This includes information used to configure and control traffic detector systems such as inductive loop detectors and machine vision sensors Raw and/or processed traffic detector data is returned that allows derivation of traffic flow variables (e.g., speed, volume, and density measures) and associated information (e.g., congestion, potential incidents). This flow includes the traffic data and the operational status of the traffic detectors
traffic detector data	Raw and/or processed traffic detector data which allows derivation of traffic flow variables (e.g., speed, volume, and density measures) and associated information (e.g., congestion, potential incidents). This flow includes the traffic data and the operational status of the traffic detectors
traffic image meta data	Meta data that describes traffic images. Traffic images (video) are in another flow.
traffic images	High fidelity, real-time traffic images suitable for surveillance monitoring by the operator or for use in machine vision applications. This flow includes the images. Meta data that describes the images is contained in another flow.
traffic operator data	Presentation of traffic operations data to the operator including traffic conditions, current operating status of field equipment, maintenance activity status, incident status, video images, security alerts, emergency response plan updates and other information. This data keeps the operator appraised of current road network status, provides feedback to the operator as traffic control actions are implemented, provides transportation security inputs, and supports review of historical data and preparation for future traffic operations activities.
traffic operator input	User input from traffic operations personnel including requests for information, configuration changes, commands to adjust current traffic control strategies (e.g., adjust signal timing plans, change DMS messages), and other traffic operations data entry.
traveler safety information	Regulatory, warning, guidance, and other information provided to the traveler or vulnerable road user (VRU) to support safe and efficient travel.
vehicle characteristics	The physical or visible characteristics of individual vehicles that can be used to detect, classify, and monitor vehicles and imaged to uniquely identify vehicles.
video surveillance control	Information used to configure and control video surveillance systems.
video surveillance coordination	The direct flow of information between field equipment. This includes information used to configure and control video surveillance systems and the high fidelity, real-time traffic images and associated meta data that are returned.
vulnerable road user presence	Detection of pedestrians, cyclists, and other vulnerable road users. This detection is based on physical characteristics of the user and their conveyance, which may be enhanced by design and materials that facilitate sensor-based detection and tracking of vulnerable road users.

Goals and Objectives

Associated Planning Factors and Goals

Planning Factor	Goal
B. Increase the safety of the transportation system for motorized and nonmotorized users;	Reduce fatalities and injuries

Associated Objective Categories

Objective Category
Safety: Vehicle Crashes and Fatalities

Associated Objectives and Performance Measures

Objective	Performance Measure
Reduce crashes due to road weather conditions	Number of crashes and fatalities related to weather conditions
Reduce crashes due to unexpected congestion	Number of crashes and fatalities related to unexpected congestion
Reduce secondary crashes	Number of secondary crashes
Reduce the number of motorcyclist fatalities by X percent by year Y.	Number of motorcyclist fatalities
Reduce the rate fatalities in the region by X percent by year Y.	Rate of fatalities (rate per vehicle miles travelled (VMT))
Reduce the rate of severe injuries in the region by X percent by year Y.	Rate of serious injuries (rate per VMT)
Reduce the total number of crashes in the region by X percent by year Y.	Total crashes per X VMT.
Reduce the total number of fatalities and severe injuries in the region by X percent by year Y.	Total fatalities per X VMT.
Reduce the total number of fatalities and severe injuries in the region by X percent by year Y.	Total severe injuries per X VMT.
Reduce the total number of fatalities in the region by X percent by year Y.	Number of fatalities
Reduce the total number of severe injuries in the region by X percent by year Y.	Number of serious injuries

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Since the mapping between objectives and service packages is not always straight-forward and often situation-dependent, these mappings should only be used as a starting point. Users should do their own analysis to identify the best service packages for their region.

Needs and Requirements

Need		Functional Object	Requirement
01	Traffic Operations need to be able to dynamically warn drivers approaching hazards on a roadway in order to increase the safety of a roadway by reducing the occurrence of incidents.	Roadway Warning	05	The field element shall autonomously identify potentially hazardous conditions and activate warning signs to approaching motorists.
			06	The field element shall receive commands from the controlling center that activate warning signs to approaching motorists.
		TMC Roadway Warning	05	The center shall issue control commands to field equipment warning drivers approaching the identified hazardous conditions.
02	Traffic Operations need to be able to receive and process data from multiple sources in order to generate warning for drivers based on the collected traffic and road conditions.	Roadway Basic Surveillance	02	The field element shall collect, process, and send traffic images to the center for further analysis and distribution.
		Roadway Warning	01	The field element shall monitor for hazardous traffic conditions, including queues.
			02	The field element shall monitor for hazardous road surface and local weather conditions.
			03	The field element shall monitor for debris, animals, or other objects in the travel lanes.
			04	The field element shall provide collected sensor data to the controlling center.
			07	The field element shall collect operational status of the warning system field equipment and report the operational status to the controlling center.
			08	The field element shall monitor the warning devices and report faults to the controlling center.
		TMC Basic Surveillance	02	The center shall monitor, analyze, and distribute traffic images from CCTV systems under remote control of the center.
			04	The center shall distribute road network conditions data (raw or processed) based on collected and analyzed traffic sensor and surveillance data to other centers.
		TMC Roadway Warning	01	The center shall monitor data on traffic, environmental conditions, and other hazards collected from sensors along the roadway.
			02	The center shall identify hazardous road weather and surface conditions.
			03	The center shall identify hazardous traffic conditions including queues.
			04	The center shall identify debris, animals, or other encroachment on the roadway dangerous to approaching motorists.
			06	The center shall monitor the operational status of the dynamic warning equipment, including fault reports.
03	Traffic Operations needs to detect and warn micromobility vehicle users of hazards that could affect them.	Roadway Warning	08	The field element shall autonomously identify potentially hazardous conditions and activate warning signs to approaching micromobility users.

Related Sources

Document Name	Version	Publication Date
ITS User Services Document		1/1/2005
FHWA-JPO-23-986 - Enhancing the Safety of Vulnerable Road Users at Intersections	Final	2/1/2023

Security

In order to participate in this service package, each physical object should meet or exceed the following security levels.

Physical Object Security
Physical Object	Confidentiality	Integrity	Availability	Security Class
ITS Roadway Equipment	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Class 2
Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Class 2
Potential Obstacles
Traffic Management Center	Moderate	High	Moderate	Class 3
Vehicle Characteristics
Vulnerable Road Users

In order to participate in this service package, each information flow triple should meet or exceed the following security levels.

Information Flow Security
Source	Destination	Information Flow	Confidentiality	Integrity	Availability
			Basis	Basis	Basis
ITS Roadway Equipment	Driver	driver information	Not Applicable	High	Moderate
			This data is sent to all drivers and is also directly observable, by design.	This is the primary signal trusted by the driver to decide whether to go through the intersection and what speed to go through the intersection at; if it's wrong, accidents could happen.	If the lights are out you have to get a policeman to direct traffic – expensive and inefficient and may cause a cascading effect due to lack of coordination with other intersections.
ITS Roadway Equipment	MMV User	traveler safety information	Not Applicable	High	Low
			This data is intentionally transmitted to everyone via a broadcast.	Although pedestrians and other travelers have a responsibility to make sure the road is safe before they cross, they may react instinctively to incorrect information and be led to cross at unsafe times if they get incorrect information. Also, if the traffic signals are wrong and an accident happens, the traveler involved could sue, causing financial loss and other undesirable outcomes.	Depending on the information distributed it might be easy to tell whether this information flow is available. MODERATE might be justifiable if the information shared is not directly observable.
ITS Roadway Equipment	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	roadway warning coordination	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
			Any control flow has some confidentiality requirement, as observation of the flow may enable an attacker to analyze and learn how to assume control. MODERATE for most flows as the potential damage is likely contained, though anything that could have a significant safety impact may be assigned HIGH.	Since this directly impacts device control, we consider it the same as a control flow. Control flows, even for seemingly innocent devices, should have MODERATE integrity at minimum, just to guarantee that intended control messages are received. Incorrect, corrupted, intercepted and modified control messages can or will result in target field devices not behaving according to operator intent. The severity of this depends on the type of device, which is why some devices are set MODERATE and some HIGH.	Since this directly impacts device control, we consider it the same as a control flow. Control flow availability is related to the criticality of being able to remotely control the device. For most devices, this is MODERATE. For purely passive devices with no incident relationship, this will be LOW. All devices should have default modes that enable them to operate without backhaul connectivity, so no device warrants a HIGH.
ITS Roadway Equipment	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	traffic detector coordination	Moderate	Moderate	Low
			Any control flow has some confidentiality requirement, as observation of the flow may enable an attacker to analyze and learn how to assume control. MODERATE for most flows as the potential damage is likely contained, though anything that could have a significant safety impact may be assigned HIGH.	Since this directly impacts device control, we consider it the same as a control flow. Control flows, even for seemingly innocent devices, should have MODERATE integrity at minimum, just to guarantee that intended control messages are received. Incorrect, corrupted, intercepted and modified control messages can or will result in target field devices not behaving according to operator intent. The severity of this depends on the type of device, which is why some devices are set MODERATE and some HIGH.	Since this directly impacts device control, we consider it the same as a control flow. Control flow availability is related to the criticality of being able to remotely control the device. For most devices, this is MODERATE. For purely passive devices with no incident relationship, this will be LOW. All devices should have default modes that enable them to operate without backhaul connectivity, so no device warrants a HIGH.
ITS Roadway Equipment	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	video surveillance coordination	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
			Any control flow has some confidentiality requirement, as observation of the flow may enable an attacker to analyze and learn how to assume control. MODERATE for most flows as the potential damage is likely contained, though anything that could have a significant safety impact may be assigned HIGH.	Since this directly impacts device control, we consider it the same as a control flow. Control flows, even for seemingly innocent devices, should have MODERATE integrity at minimum, just to guarantee that intended control messages are received. Incorrect, corrupted, intercepted and modified control messages can or will result in target field devices not behaving according to operator intent. The severity of this depends on the type of device, which is why some devices are set MODERATE and some HIGH.	Since this directly impacts device control, we consider it the same as a control flow. Control flow availability is related to the criticality of being able to remotely control the device. For most devices, this is MODERATE. For purely passive devices with no incident relationship, this will be LOW. All devices should have default modes that enable them to operate without backhaul connectivity, so no device warrants a HIGH.
ITS Roadway Equipment	Traffic Management Center	roadway warning system status	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
			Device status information should not be available, as those with criminal intent may use this information toward their own ends.	Inaccurate or unavailable information may suggest inappropriate maintenance actions, costing time and money.	Inaccurate or unavailable information may suggest inappropriate maintenance actions, costing time and money.
ITS Roadway Equipment	Traffic Management Center	traffic detector data	Low	Moderate	Moderate
			No impact if someone sees the data	Some minimal guarantee of data integrity is necessary for all C-ITS flows. THEA believes this to be LOW.only limited adverse effect if raw/processed traffic detector data is bad/compromised; DISC: WYO believes this to be HIGH	Only limited adverse effect of info is not timely/readily available, however without this information it will be difficult to perform traffic management activities, thus MODERATE. If not used for management, may be LOW.
ITS Roadway Equipment	Traffic Management Center	traffic image meta data	Low	Moderate	Moderate
			Traffic image data is generally intended for public consumption, and in any event is already video captured in the public arena, so this must be LOW.	While accuracy of this data is important for decision making purposes, applications should be able to cfunction without it. Thus MODERATE generally.	While accuracy of this data is important for decision making purposes, applications should be able to function without it. Thus MODERATE generally.
ITS Roadway Equipment	Traffic Management Center	traffic images	Low	Moderate	Low
			Traffic image data is generally intended for public consumption, and in any event is already video captured in the public arena, so this must be LOW.	Generally transportation coordination information should be correct between source and destination, or inappropriate actions may be taken.	While useful, there is no signficant impact if this flow is not available.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment	ITS Roadway Equipment	roadway warning coordination	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
			Any control flow has some confidentiality requirement, as observation of the flow may enable an attacker to analyze and learn how to assume control. MODERATE for most flows as the potential damage is likely contained, though anything that could have a significant safety impact may be assigned HIGH.	Since this directly impacts device control, we consider it the same as a control flow. Control flows, even for seemingly innocent devices, should have MODERATE integrity at minimum, just to guarantee that intended control messages are received. Incorrect, corrupted, intercepted and modified control messages can or will result in target field devices not behaving according to operator intent. The severity of this depends on the type of device, which is why some devices are set MODERATE and some HIGH.	Since this directly impacts device control, we consider it the same as a control flow. Control flow availability is related to the criticality of being able to remotely control the device. For most devices, this is MODERATE. For purely passive devices with no incident relationship, this will be LOW. All devices should have default modes that enable them to operate without backhaul connectivity, so no device warrants a HIGH.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment	ITS Roadway Equipment	traffic detector coordination	Moderate	Moderate	Low
			Any control flow has some confidentiality requirement, as observation of the flow may enable an attacker to analyze and learn how to assume control. MODERATE for most flows as the potential damage is likely contained, though anything that could have a significant safety impact may be assigned HIGH.	Since this directly impacts device control, we consider it the same as a control flow. Control flows, even for seemingly innocent devices, should have MODERATE integrity at minimum, just to guarantee that intended control messages are received. Incorrect, corrupted, intercepted and modified control messages can or will result in target field devices not behaving according to operator intent. The severity of this depends on the type of device, which is why some devices are set MODERATE and some HIGH.	Since this directly impacts device control, we consider it the same as a control flow. Control flow availability is related to the criticality of being able to remotely control the device. For most devices, this is MODERATE. For purely passive devices with no incident relationship, this will be LOW. All devices should have default modes that enable them to operate without backhaul connectivity, so no device warrants a HIGH.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment	ITS Roadway Equipment	video surveillance coordination	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
			Any control flow has some confidentiality requirement, as observation of the flow may enable an attacker to analyze and learn how to assume control. MODERATE for most flows as the potential damage is likely contained, though anything that could have a significant safety impact may be assigned HIGH.	Since this directly impacts device control, we consider it the same as a control flow. Control flows, even for seemingly innocent devices, should have MODERATE integrity at minimum, just to guarantee that intended control messages are received. Incorrect, corrupted, intercepted and modified control messages can or will result in target field devices not behaving according to operator intent. The severity of this depends on the type of device, which is why some devices are set MODERATE and some HIGH.	Since this directly impacts device control, we consider it the same as a control flow. Control flow availability is related to the criticality of being able to remotely control the device. For most devices, this is MODERATE. For purely passive devices with no incident relationship, this will be LOW. All devices should have default modes that enable them to operate without backhaul connectivity, so no device warrants a HIGH.
Traffic Management Center	ITS Roadway Equipment	roadway warning system control	Moderate	High	Moderate
			Control flows, even for seemingly innocent devices, should be kept confidential to minimize attack vectors. While an individual installation may not be particularly impacted by a cyberattack of its sensor network, another installation might be severely impacted, and different installations are likely to use similar methods, so compromising one leads to compromising all.	Control flows, even for seemingly innocent devices, should have MODERATE integrity at minimum, just to guarantee that intended control messages are received. Incorrect, corrupted, intercepted and modified control messages can or will result in target field devices not behaving according to operator intent. The severity of this depends on the type of device, which is why some devices are set MODERATE and some HIGH.	Control flow availability is related to the criticality of being able to remotely control the device. For most devices, this is MODERATE. For purely passive devices with no incident relationship, this will be LOW. All devices should have default modes that enable them to operate without backhaul connectivity, so no device warrants a HIGH.
Traffic Management Center	ITS Roadway Equipment	traffic detector control	Moderate	Moderate	Low
			Control flows, even for seemingly innocent devices, should be kept confidential to minimize attack vectors. While an individual installation may not be particularly impacted by a cyberattack of its sensor network, another installation might be severely impacted, and different installations are likely to use similar methods, so compromising one leads to compromising all. DISC: THEA, WYO believe this to be LOW: encrypted, authenticated, proprietary; but should not cause severe damage if seen	Control flows, even for seemingly innocent devices, should have MODERATE integrity at minimum, just to guarantee that intended control messages are received. Incorrect, corrupted, intercepted and modified control messages can or will result in target field devices not behaving according to operator intent. The severity of this depends on the type of device, which is why some devices are set MODERATE and some HIGH.. From THEA: should be accurate and not be tampered with; could enable outside control of traffic sensors but should not cause severe harm, but could cause issues with traffic sensor data received and be detrimental to operations	Control flow availability is related to the criticality of being able to remotely control the device. For most devices, this is MODERATE. For purely passive devices with no incident relationship, this will be LOW. All devices should have default modes that enable them to operate without backhaul connectivity, so no device warrants a HIGH.. From THEA: want updates but delayed information will not be severe; should be able to operate from a previous/default control/config. DISC: WYO believes this to be MODERATE
Traffic Management Center	ITS Roadway Equipment	video surveillance control	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
			Control flows, even for seemingly innocent devices, should be kept confidential to minimize attack vectors. While an individual installation may not be particularly impacted by a cyberattack of its sensor network, another installation might be severely impacted, and different installations are likely to use similar methods, so compromising one leads to compromising all.	Control flows, even for seemingly innocent devices, should have MODERATE integrity at minimum, just to guarantee that intended control messages are received. Incorrect, corrupted, intercepted and modified control messages can or will result in target field devices not behaving according to operator intent. The severity of this depends on the type of device, which is why some devices are set MODERATE and some HIGH.	Control flow availability is related to the criticality of being able to remotely control the device. For most devices, this is MODERATE. For purely passive devices with no incident relationship, this will be LOW. All devices should have default modes that enable them to operate without backhaul connectivity, so no device warrants a HIGH.
Traffic Management Center	Traffic Operations Personnel	traffic operator data	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
			Backoffice operations flows should have minimal protection from casual viewing, as otherwise imposters could gain illicit control or information that should not be generally available.	Information presented to backoffice system operators must be consistent or the operator may perform actions that are not appropriate to the real situation.	The backoffice system operator should have access to system operation. If this interface is down then control is effectively lost, as without feedback from the system the operator has no way of knowing what is the correct action to take.
Traffic Operations Personnel	Traffic Management Center	traffic operator input	Moderate	High	High
			Backoffice operations flows should have minimal protection from casual viewing, as otherwise imposters could gain illicit control or information that should not be generally available.	Backoffice operations flows should generally be correct and available as these are the primary interface between operators and system.	Backoffice operations flows should generally be correct and available as these are the primary interface between operators and system.

Standards

The following table lists the standards associated with physical objects in this service package. For standards related to interfaces, see the specific information flow triple pages.

Name	Title	Physical Object
ITE ATC ITS Cabinet	Intelligent Transportation System Standard Specification for Roadside Cabinets	ITS Roadway Equipment
NEMA TS 8 Cyber and Physical Security	Cyber and Physical Security for Intelligent Transportation Systems	ITS Roadway Equipment
		Traffic Management Center

System Requirements

System Requirement		Need
001	The system shall monitor, analyze, and distribute traffic images from CCTV systems under remote control of the center.	02	Traffic Operations need to be able to receive and process data from multiple sources in order to generate warning for drivers based on the collected traffic and road conditions.
002	The system shall distribute road network conditions data (raw or processed) based on collected and analyzed traffic sensor and surveillance data to other centers.	02	Traffic Operations need to be able to receive and process data from multiple sources in order to generate warning for drivers based on the collected traffic and road conditions.
003	The system shall monitor data on traffic, environmental conditions, and other hazards collected from sensors along the roadway.	02	Traffic Operations need to be able to receive and process data from multiple sources in order to generate warning for drivers based on the collected traffic and road conditions.
004	The system shall identify hazardous road weather and surface conditions.	02	Traffic Operations need to be able to receive and process data from multiple sources in order to generate warning for drivers based on the collected traffic and road conditions.
005	The system shall identify hazardous traffic conditions including queues.	02	Traffic Operations need to be able to receive and process data from multiple sources in order to generate warning for drivers based on the collected traffic and road conditions.
006	The system shall identify debris, animals, or other encroachment on the roadway dangerous to approaching motorists.	02	Traffic Operations need to be able to receive and process data from multiple sources in order to generate warning for drivers based on the collected traffic and road conditions.
007	The system shall issue control commands to field equipment warning drivers approaching the identified hazardous conditions.	01	Traffic Operations need to be able to dynamically warn drivers approaching hazards on a roadway in order to increase the safety of a roadway by reducing the occurrence of incidents.
008	The system shall monitor the operational status of the dynamic warning equipment, including fault reports.	02	Traffic Operations need to be able to receive and process data from multiple sources in order to generate warning for drivers based on the collected traffic and road conditions.
009	The system shall collect, process, and send traffic images to the center for further analysis and distribution.	02	Traffic Operations need to be able to receive and process data from multiple sources in order to generate warning for drivers based on the collected traffic and road conditions.
010	The system shall monitor for hazardous traffic conditions, including queues.	02	Traffic Operations need to be able to receive and process data from multiple sources in order to generate warning for drivers based on the collected traffic and road conditions.
011	The system shall monitor for hazardous road surface and local weather conditions.	02	Traffic Operations need to be able to receive and process data from multiple sources in order to generate warning for drivers based on the collected traffic and road conditions.
012	The system shall monitor for debris, animals, or other objects in the travel lanes.	02	Traffic Operations need to be able to receive and process data from multiple sources in order to generate warning for drivers based on the collected traffic and road conditions.
013	The system shall provide collected sensor data to the controlling center.	02	Traffic Operations need to be able to receive and process data from multiple sources in order to generate warning for drivers based on the collected traffic and road conditions.
014	The system shall autonomously identify potentially hazardous conditions and activate warning signs to approaching motorists.	01	Traffic Operations need to be able to dynamically warn drivers approaching hazards on a roadway in order to increase the safety of a roadway by reducing the occurrence of incidents.
015	The system shall receive commands from the controlling center that activate warning signs to approaching motorists.	01	Traffic Operations need to be able to dynamically warn drivers approaching hazards on a roadway in order to increase the safety of a roadway by reducing the occurrence of incidents.
016	The system shall collect operational status of the warning system field equipment and report the operational status to the controlling center.	02	Traffic Operations need to be able to receive and process data from multiple sources in order to generate warning for drivers based on the collected traffic and road conditions.
017	The system shall monitor the warning devices and report faults to the controlling center.	02	Traffic Operations need to be able to receive and process data from multiple sources in order to generate warning for drivers based on the collected traffic and road conditions.
		03	Traffic Operations needs to detect and warn micromobility vehicle users of hazards that could affect them.