Type: Safety

Groups:

V2V Safety

Diagrams are based on the most recently available application concepts that the CVRIA team has access to, and do not necessarily reflect prototypes or other in-development activities.

Pre-crash Actions

The Pre-crash Actions (PCA) application enables a vehicle to mitigate the injuries in a crash by activating countermeasures in the vehicle when a crash is about to happen. This application uses the information from Forward Collision Warning application to determine that a crash is imminent, activating countermeasures that could include air bag pre-arming, pyrotechnic and non-pyrotechnic seat belt pre-tensioning, bumper extension or lowering, and emergency brake assist.

Enterprise
Functional
Physical
A-Interconnect
Communications
Requirements
Sources
Security

Enterprise

This is one way this application may be realized, but not the only way. There are other ways to build a given application and accomplish a stated objective.

The enterprise diagram can be viewed in SVG or PNG format and the current format is SVG.
SVG Diagrams: Installation Operations Maintenance Certification
PNG Diagrams: Installation Operations Maintenance Certification

Display Legend in SVG or PNG

Business Interaction Matrix:

Pre-crash Actions Operations Stage
	Vehicle Owner	Driver	Vehicle OBE Owner	Remote Vehicle OBE Owner	Vehicle Basic Safety Provider
Vehicle Owner		Vehicle Usage Agreement	Vehicle OBE Usage Agreement		Application Usage Agreement
Driver	Vehicle Usage Agreement			Presumption of Correct Operation
Vehicle OBE Owner	Vehicle OBE Usage Agreement			Expectation of Data Provision
Remote Vehicle OBE Owner		Presumption of Correct Operation	Expectation of Data Provision
Vehicle Basic Safety Provider	Application Usage Agreement

Pre-crash Actions Maintenance Stage
	Vehicle Owner	Vehicle OBE Manufacturer	Vehicle Manufacturer	Vehicle Basic Safety Provider	Vehicle Basic Safety Maintainer
Vehicle Owner		Warranty	Warranty	Warranty	Mobile Component Maintenance Agreement
Vehicle OBE Manufacturer	Warranty		Vehicle Data Access Agreement
Vehicle Manufacturer	Warranty	Vehicle Data Access Agreement
Vehicle Basic Safety Provider	Warranty				Maintenance Data Exchange Agreement
Vehicle Basic Safety Maintainer	Mobile Component Maintenance Agreement			Maintenance Data Exchange Agreement

Pre-crash Actions Installation Stage
	Vehicle Owner	Vehicle OBE Manufacturer	Vehicle Manufacturer	Vehicle Basic Safety Provider	Vehicle Basic Safety Installer
Vehicle Owner		Mobile Component License Agreement	Vehicle Procurement Agreement
Vehicle OBE Manufacturer	Mobile Component License Agreement		Vehicle Data Access Agreement	Application Procurement Agreement	Mobile Component Installation Agreement
Vehicle Manufacturer	Vehicle Procurement Agreement	Vehicle Data Access Agreement		Interface Description
Vehicle Basic Safety Provider		Application Procurement Agreement	Interface Description
Vehicle Basic Safety Installer		Mobile Component Installation Agreement

Pre-crash Actions Certification Stage
	Vehicle OBE Manufacturer	Vehicle Manufacturer	Application Certification Entity	Federal Regulatory	State Regulatory	Device Certification Entity
Vehicle OBE Manufacturer						Member
Vehicle Manufacturer			Member			Member
Application Certification Entity		Member		Member	Member
Federal Regulatory			Member			Member
State Regulatory			Member			Member
Device Certification Entity	Member	Member		Member	Member

Includes Enterprise Objects:

Enterprise Object	Description
Application Certification Entity	The body that determines whether an application may be deployed and operated in the Connected Vehicle Environment. This entity's composition, the requirements it applies and the procedures it uses to verify those requirements may vary with application type. For example, applications with human safety component (crash avoidance, movement assistance etc.) may have stringent requirements and extensive testing in a variety of conditions, while applications that provide strictly mobility functionality may have far less testing requirements; possibly as little as just making sure the application doesn't interfere with any other applications.
Device Certification Entity	The body that determines whether a device may be deployed and operated in the Connected Vehicle Environment. This entity's composition, the requirements it applies and the procedures it uses to verify those requirements may vary with device type.
Driver	The 'Driver' represents the person that operates a vehicle on the roadway. Included are operators of private, transit, commercial, and emergency vehicles where the interactions are not particular to the type of vehicle (e.g., interactions supporting vehicle safety applications). The Driver originates driver requests and receives driver information that reflects the interactions which might be useful to all drivers, regardless of vehicle classification. Information and interactions which are unique to drivers of a specific vehicle type (e.g., fleet interactions with transit, commercial, or emergency vehicle drivers) are covered by separate objects.
Federal Regulatory	Federal regulatory bodies that have legal authority to control and/or provide input to policies regulating transportation infrastructure and operations. This includes entities such as the Federal Communications Commission and US Department of Transportation.
Remote Vehicle OBE Owner	The owner of the Remote Vehicle OBE
State Regulatory	State regulatory bodies that have legal authority to control and/or provide input to policies regulating vehicles, transportation infrastructure and operations. This includes entities like Departments of Motor Vehicles, property tax authorities and tolling agencies.
Vehicle Basic Safety Installer	Application Component Installers are specified more by role than by function. Installers are responsible for the installation of the application component, which may require a support system, and may entail agreements and relationships between end users and application providers.
Vehicle Basic Safety Maintainer	Application Component Maintainers are specified more by role than by function. Maintainers are responsible for the maintenance (configuration changes, patches and updates, hardware repairs) of the application component, which may require a support system, and may entail agreements and relationships between end users and application providers.
Vehicle Basic Safety Provider	Application Component Providers are specified more by role than by function. Providers are responsible for the development of the application component, including initial creation, enhancement and bug fixes. Delivery of the application to the end user may require relationships with other entities (installers, maintainers) if the provider chooses not to fulfill those roles.
Vehicle Manufacturer	The entity that builds, assembles, verifies and validates the Vehicle in which the Vehicle OBE will eventually operate.
Vehicle OBE Manufacturer	The entity that builds, assembles, verifies and validates the Vehicle OBE. This can be an OEM-equipped OBE, retrofit or aftermarket equipment.
Vehicle OBE Owner	The entity, individual, group or corporation that owns the Vehicle On-Board equipment. This could be the same as the Vehicle Owner, but it could be a third part that licenses the use of the OBE to the Owner.
Vehicle Owner	The individual, group of individuals or corporate entity that is identified as the registered owner of the Vehicle under state law.

Includes Resources:

Resource	Description
Application Component Certification Requirements	The requirements that define the functionality, performance and operational environment of an application component. Certification Requirements must be met in order for an application to be installed in the CVE.
Device Certification Requirements	The requirements that define the functionality, performance and operational environment of a connected vehicle device. Certification Requirements must be met in order for the device to be granted the credentials necessary to operate in the Connected Vehicle Environment.
Mobile Component Development System	The system used in a backoffice environment to develop and test the mobile component of the application.
Mobile Component Installation System	The system that interacts with the Vehicle OBE other mobile device and installs the mobile component of the application.
Mobile Component Maintenance System	The system used to configure changes and updates to the mobile component of the application. This system is capable of acquiring and reporting diagnostic information about the application's configuration and performance.
Remote Vehicle OBEs	'Remote Vehicle OBEs' represents other connected vehicles that are communicating with the host vehicle. This includes all connected motorized vehicles including passenger cars, trucks, and motorcycles and specialty vehicles (e.g., maintenance vehicles, transit vehicles) that also include the basic 'Vehicle OBE' functionality that supports V2V communications. In CVRIA, this object provides a source and destination for information transfers between connected vehicles. The host vehicle on-board equipment, represented by the Vehicle OBE physical object, sends information to, and receives information from the Remote Vehicle OBEs to model all connected vehicle V2V communications in CVRIA.
Vehicle	The conveyance that provides the sensory, processing, storage, and communications functions necessary to support efficient, safe, and convenient travel. These functions reside in general vehicles including personal automobiles, commercial vehicles, emergency vehicles, transit vehicles, or other vehicle types.
Vehicle Basic Safety	"Vehicle Basic Safety" exchanges current vehicle location and motion information with other vehicles in the vicinity, uses that information to calculate vehicle paths, and warns the driver when the potential for an impending collision is detected. If available, map data is used to filter and interpret the relative location and motion of vehicles in the vicinity. Information from on-board sensors (e.g., radars and image processing) are also used, if available, in combination with the V2V communications to detect non-equipped vehicles and corroborate connected vehicle data. Vehicle location and motion broadcasts are also received by the infrastructure and used by the infrastructure to support a wide range of roadside safety and mobility applications. This object represents a broad range of implementations ranging from basic Vehicle Awareness Devices that only broadcast vehicle location and motion and provide no driver warnings to advanced integrated safety systems that may, in addition to warning the driver, provide collision warning information to support automated control functions that can support control intervention.
Vehicle Databus	The 'Vehicle Databus' represents the interface to the vehicle databus (e.g., CAN, LIN, Ethernet/IP, FlexRay, and MOST) that may enable communication between the Vehicle OBE and other vehicle systems to support connected vehicle applications. The vehicle system statuses and/or sensor outputs available on the databus will vary based on the equipment installed on the vehicle and availability on databus. System statuses and sensor outputs may include select vehicle systems and sensors such as accelerometers, yaw rate sensors, and GPS derived location and timing information. In CVRIA, this physical object is used to represent the onboard interactions between the Vehicle OBE and the other systems included in a host vehicle. Note that the vehicle databus interface is not standardized across all vehicle classes. Also, some Vehicle OBE implementations will not have access to the vehicle databus. See 'Vehicle OBE' for more information.
Vehicle OBE	The Vehicle On-Board Equipment (OBE) provides the vehicle-based processing, storage, and communications functions necessary to support connected vehicle operations. The radio(s) supporting V2V and V2I communications are a key component of the Vehicle OBE. This communication platform is augmented with processing and data storage capability that supports the connected vehicle applications. In CVRIA, the Vehicle OBE includes the functions and interfaces that support connected vehicle applications for passenger cars, trucks, and motorcycles. Many of these applications (e.g., V2V Safety applications) apply to all vehicle types including personal vehicles, commercial vehicles, emergency vehicles, transit vehicles, and maintenance vehicles. From this perspective, the Vehicle OBE includes the common interfaces and functions that apply to all motorized vehicles.

Includes Roles:

Role	Description
Certifies	An Enterprise verifies that a target Resource meets relevant performance, functional, environmental and quality requirements.
Constrains	A Resource or Enterprise applies requirements, constraints and associated tests to another Resource.
Installs	An Enterprise performs the initial delivery, integration and configuration of the target Resource.
Maintains	An Enterprise administers the hardware and software that comprise the target Resource.
Member	An Enterprise is part of another larger, target Enterprise.
Operates	An Enterprise controls the functionality and state of the target Resource. An Enterprise that Operates a resource is considered Responsible.
Owns	An Enterprise has financial ownership and control over the Resource. An Enterprise that Owns a resource is considered Accountable.

Includes Coordination:

Coordination	Type	Description
Application Installation Data	Information Sharing	Data needed to install the application, including the application executable code and any configuration data. Unidirectional flow.
Application Maintenance Data	Information Sharing	Data used to facilitate the upgrade, patching and general health maintenance of an application component.
Application Performance Data	Information Sharing	Data used to characterize application performance, including such measures as availability, known errors and known uses.
Application Procurement Agreement	Agreement	An agreement whereupon one entity provides a copy of an application component to another entity. This component is capable of being installed and functioning, according to its requirements that passed through the application's certification process.
Application Usage Agreement	Agreement	An agreement in which one entity that controls an application component's use gives the other entity the necessary tools and permission to operate that application or application component.
Expectation of Data Provision	Expectation	An expectation where one party believes another party will provide data on a regular and recurring basis, and that that data will be useful to the receiver in the context of the receiver's application. This thus includes some expectation of data fields, timeliness, quality, precision and similar qualities of data.
Includes	Includes	Indicates that one component is entirely contained within another component.
Interface Description	Agreement	Documentation of the interface between two systems, where one system does not have an application component that is part of the application, but does provide and/or receive data and/or information that is used by or sourced from the application. In many cases this is an existing interface used by the application, so the description of the interface already exists and is imposed by the terminator.
Maintenance Data Exchange Agreement	Agreement	An agreement that states one entity will provide data related to maintenance of an application component to the other entity.
Mobile Component Installation Agreement	Agreement	An agreement whereupon the controller of OBE gives another party permission to install, configure and make operational a component that enables the mobile portion of an application.
Mobile Component License Agreement	Agreement	An end-user license agreement allowing the operator of the mobile device to use the mobile application component that is part of the application in question.
Mobile Component Maintenance Agreement	Agreement	An agreement in which one entity maintains the operational status of the mobile component of an application under the control of another entity. This maintenance may include routine and as-needed maintenance, such as software update and configuration, hardware replacement and related system administration activities.
Presumption of Correct Operation	Expectation	The assumption made by one party that another party operates their device in a similar and correct fashion. Specific to devices in the transportation environment, this assumption is relevant when devices interact, where one party's device receives information from another's. The operator of the device implicitly trusts that the other device is operating according to a similar set of governing rules as its device.
Vehicle Data Access Agreement	Agreement	An agreement whereby the party that controls access to on-board vehicle data grants another party the right and ability to access that data. Includes the conditions under which data may be accessed, and specifies the mechanisms, including physical and functional access methods, data formats and any other considerations necessary for the accessing party to acquire data. May also include caveats regarding responsibility for data quality and responsibility for use of the data.
Vehicle OBE Usage Agreement	Agreement	An agreement that grants one entity permission to use a Vehicle OBE that the other party controls.
Vehicle Procurement Agreement	Agreement	The exchange of a vehicle for compensation. One entity purchases the vehicle from the other.
Vehicle Usage Agreement	Agreement	An agreement between the owner of a vehicle and a prospective operator, whereupon the owner allows the operator to use the vehicle.
Warranty	Agreement	A guarantee or promise made by one entity to another, that provides assurance of the functionality and performance over time of an application component.

Functional

Includes Processes:

Level	Name	Type	Allocated to Application Object
3.1	Monitor Vehicle Status	Collection
3.1.1	Produce Collision and Crash Avoidance Data	Pspec	- Vehicle Basic Safety
3.1.3	Process Vehicle On-board Data	Pspec	- Vehicle Basic Safety
3.1.4	Communicate with Remote Vehicles	Pspec	- Vehicle Basic Safety

Includes Data Flows:

Source Pspec	Data Flow	Destination Pspec
Communicate with Remote Vehicles	safety_message_data_from_remote_vehicles	Process Vehicle On-board Data
Communicate with Remote Vehicles	intersection_infringement_from_remote_vehicle	Produce Collision and Crash Avoidance Data
Process Vehicle On-board Data	safety_message_data_for_remote_vehicles	Communicate with Remote Vehicles
Process Vehicle On-board Data	collision_data	Produce Collision and Crash Avoidance Data
Produce Collision and Crash Avoidance Data	intersection_infringement_for_remote_vehicle	Communicate with Remote Vehicles

Physical

This is one way this application may be realized, but not the only way. There are other ways to build a given application and accomplish a stated objective.

The physical diagram can be viewed in SVG or PNG format and the current format is SVG.
SVG Diagram
PNG Diagram

Display Legend in SVG or PNG

Includes Physical Objects:

Physical Object	Class	Description
Remote Vehicle OBEs	Vehicle	'Remote Vehicle OBEs' represents other connected vehicles that are communicating with the host vehicle. This includes all connected motorized vehicles including passenger cars, trucks, and motorcycles and specialty vehicles (e.g., maintenance vehicles, transit vehicles) that also include the basic 'Vehicle OBE' functionality that supports V2V communications. In CVRIA, this object provides a source and destination for information transfers between connected vehicles. The host vehicle on-board equipment, represented by the Vehicle OBE physical object, sends information to, and receives information from the Remote Vehicle OBEs to model all connected vehicle V2V communications in CVRIA.
Vehicle Databus	Vehicle	The 'Vehicle Databus' represents the interface to the vehicle databus (e.g., CAN, LIN, Ethernet/IP, FlexRay, and MOST) that may enable communication between the Vehicle OBE and other vehicle systems to support connected vehicle applications. The vehicle system statuses and/or sensor outputs available on the databus will vary based on the equipment installed on the vehicle and availability on databus. System statuses and sensor outputs may include select vehicle systems and sensors such as accelerometers, yaw rate sensors, and GPS derived location and timing information. In CVRIA, this physical object is used to represent the onboard interactions between the Vehicle OBE and the other systems included in a host vehicle. Note that the vehicle databus interface is not standardized across all vehicle classes. Also, some Vehicle OBE implementations will not have access to the vehicle databus. See 'Vehicle OBE' for more information.
Vehicle OBE	Vehicle	The Vehicle On-Board Equipment (OBE) provides the vehicle-based processing, storage, and communications functions necessary to support connected vehicle operations. The radio(s) supporting V2V and V2I communications are a key component of the Vehicle OBE. This communication platform is augmented with processing and data storage capability that supports the connected vehicle applications. In CVRIA, the Vehicle OBE includes the functions and interfaces that support connected vehicle applications for passenger cars, trucks, and motorcycles. Many of these applications (e.g., V2V Safety applications) apply to all vehicle types including personal vehicles, commercial vehicles, emergency vehicles, transit vehicles, and maintenance vehicles. From this perspective, the Vehicle OBE includes the common interfaces and functions that apply to all motorized vehicles.

Includes Application Objects:

Application Object	Description	Physical Object
Vehicle Basic Safety	"Vehicle Basic Safety" exchanges current vehicle location and motion information with other vehicles in the vicinity, uses that information to calculate vehicle paths, and warns the driver when the potential for an impending collision is detected. If available, map data is used to filter and interpret the relative location and motion of vehicles in the vicinity. Information from on-board sensors (e.g., radars and image processing) are also used, if available, in combination with the V2V communications to detect non-equipped vehicles and corroborate connected vehicle data. Vehicle location and motion broadcasts are also received by the infrastructure and used by the infrastructure to support a wide range of roadside safety and mobility applications. This object represents a broad range of implementations ranging from basic Vehicle Awareness Devices that only broadcast vehicle location and motion and provide no driver warnings to advanced integrated safety systems that may, in addition to warning the driver, provide collision warning information to support automated control functions that can support control intervention.	Vehicle OBE

Includes Information Flows:

Information Flow	Description
host vehicle status	Information provided to the connected vehicle on-board equipment from other systems on the vehicle platform. This includes data from on-board sensors, the current status of the powertrain, steering, and braking systems, and status of safety and convenience systems. In implementations where GPS is not integrated into the Vehicle On-Board Equipment, the host vehicle is also the source for data describing the vehicle's location in three dimensions (latitude, longitude, elevation) and accurate time that can be used for time synchronization across the Connected Vehicle environment.
pre-crash control information	Notification to vehicle control systems that a crash is imminent, initiating and directing pre-crash actions that may include seatbelt tightening, brake assist, airbag pre-arming, and bumper raising/extension.
vehicle control event	Notification that the vehicle has performed an emergency maneuver that could impact the safety of surrounding vehicles. This includes hard braking and activation of traction/stability control systems or other maneuvers that warrant immediate notification of surrounding vehicles. The information flow conveys the current vehicle location, path, and current control actions.
vehicle location and motion	Data describing the vehicle's location in three dimensions, heading, speed, acceleration, braking status, and size.

Application Interconnect Diagram

This is one way this application may be realized, but not the only way. There are other ways to build a given application and accomplish a stated objective.

The application interconnect diagram can be viewed in SVG or PNG format and the current format is SVG.
SVG Diagram
PNG Diagram

Application Triples

Source	Destination	Information Flow
Remote Vehicle OBEs	Vehicle OBE	vehicle control event
Remote Vehicle OBEs	Vehicle OBE	vehicle location and motion
Vehicle Databus	Vehicle OBE	host vehicle status
Vehicle OBE	Vehicle Databus	pre-crash control information
Vehicle OBE	Remote Vehicle OBEs	vehicle control event
Vehicle OBE	Remote Vehicle OBEs	vehicle location and motion

Requirements

Need		Requirement
N3.033	Pre-crash Actions (PCA) needs to determine that the conditions of remote vehicles indicate that a collision with the host vehicle is imminent in order to perform actions just before the impact occurs.	3.075	Pre-crash Actions (PCA) shall determine the trajectory of the host vehicle.
		3.076	PCA shall determine if a crash between the host vehicle and a remote vehicle is imminent.
		3.077	PCA shall perform pre-crash actions, including seatbelt tightening, brake assist, airbag pre-arming, bumper raising/extension.
		3.078	PCA shall be able to receive vehicle trajectory data from nearby vehicles.
N3.109	Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Safety applications need to assess their own performance, to determine errors and properly enter fail-safe mode when critical components fail.	3.214	Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Safety applications shall notify the Driver when onboard components are offline
N3.109		3.215	V2V Safety applications shall notify its owner/operator when onboard components are offline.
N3.110	V2V Safety applications need to broadcast the performance of their vehicle in the transportation environment, to enable V2V applications that rely on knowing the location and/or trajectories of other vehicles.	3.217	V2V Safety applications shall broadcast the vehicle type, location, speed, heading, steering angle and brake system performance of host vehicles.
N3.111	V2V Safety applications need to have a common time source so that location and projected positions may be synchronized.	3.216	V2V Safety applications shall have a common time source.

Related Sources

SAE J3067- Candidate Improvements to Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Message Set Dictionary (SAE J2735)Using Systems Engineering Methods, 8/15/2014

Security

In order to participate in this application, each physical object should meet or exceed the following security levels.

Physical Object Security
Physical Object	Confidentiality	Integrity	Availability	Security Class
Security levels have not been defined yet.

In order to participate in this application, each information flow triple should meet or exceed the following security levels.

Information Flow Security
Source	Destination	Information Flow	Confidentiality	Integrity	Availability
Source	Destination	Information Flow	Basis	Basis	Basis
Security levels have not been defined yet.