CVRIA Glossary

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Sample

To select a subset of a larger group, usually in a regular pattern (e.g.., 1 of every 10).

Scalability

The capable of being easily grown, expanded or upgraded upon demand without requiring a redesign.

Scalable Vector Graphics

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is a language for describing two-dimensional graphics and graphical applications that is backed by the World Wide Web Consortium. Graphics described in SVG file format can be scaled without losing graphic quality. SVG files can be compressed to accommodate faster downloads of the graphic. CVRIA uses compressed SVG format to view the application diagrams. The first time you open one of these diagrams you may be prompted to download an SVG Viewer as an add-on to your existing Web Browser.

Scenario

A step-by-step description of a series of events that may occur concurrently or sequentially. One of the components of a Concept of Operations (ConOps) document.

Secure Storage

Encrypted or protected data that requires a user or a process to authenticate itself before accessing to the data. Secure storage persists when the power is turned off.

Secure Transmission

To protect the transfer of confidential or sensitive data usually by encryption, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) or similar secure communications.

Secure/Securely

Referring to storage, which consists of both logical and physical safeguards.

Security Services

Security services are typical security mechanisms or countermeasures that provide for different aspects of security.

Security Threat

Security threats are events or circumstances that adversely impact a system or communication between systems.

Service Channel

Any channel that is not the control channel, intended for management frames and higher layer information exchanges. There may be more than one service channel defined in a given spectrum.

Session-oriented Connection

A connection between two networked devices that is established intermittently and to handle few requests thereafter. The connection is meant to be temporary lasting for minutes, hours, but likely not more than a day before it is closed. This is opposite of Persistent Connection.

Short Range Wireless Communications

A wireless communications channel used for close-proximity communications between vehicles, mobile/personal devices, and the immediate infrastructure. It supports location-specific communications for ITS capabilities such as vehicle safety, transit vehicle management, driver information, roadway payments, and automated commercial vehicle operations. One of the types of interconnects defined in the Connected Vehicle Reference Implementation Architecture.

Snapshot

A report including one or more status elements in the vehicle at a single point in time, along with a set of position and heading elements.

Software

Software is a general term that describes computer programs. Terms such as software programs, applications, scripts, and instruction sets all fall under the category of computer software.

SPaT

Signal Phase And Timing (SPaT) is a message type that describes the current state of a signal system and its phases and relates this to the specific lanes (and therefore to movements and approaches) in the intersection. It is used along with the MAP message to allow describing an intersection and its current
allowed movements.

Special Permission

Authorization granted to perform actions specific to 3rd party applications, using IEEE 1609.2 certificates as the permission grant mechanism. Also called certificate-managed application permissions.

Stakeholders

A widely used term that notates a public agency, private organization or the traveling public with a vested interest, or a "stake" in one or more transportation elements within the context of a connected vehicle project or regional ITS architecture.

Standard

A formal specification that defines and governs functions and protocols at interfaces of a data system. It describes in detail the capabilities and establishes the requirements to be met by interfacing systems to achieve compatibility.

Standards

Documented technical specifications sponsored by a Standards Development Organization (SDO) to be used consistently as rules, guidelines, or definitions of characteristics for the interchange of data. A formal specification that defines and governs functions and protocols at interfaces of a data system. It describes in detail the capabilities and establishes the requirements to be met by interfacing systems to achieve compatibility. A broad array of standards is currently under development that will specifically define the interfaces identified in the Connected Vehicle Reference Implementation Architecture (CVRIA).

Standards Analysis Plan

A document of the Connected Vehicle Reference Implementation Architecture (CVRIA) that discusses the issues that are involved in the development of system interface standards and identifies priority interfaces for standardization. It was primarily intended as a planning document for US DOT and the Standards Development Organizations.

States or Modes

A distinct system setting in which the same user input will produce different results than it would in other settings. The System as a whole is always in one state. A state is typically commanded or placed in that state by an operator. States are Installation, Operational, Maintenance, Training, and Standby.

Status

Anomalies, actions, intermittent and other conditions used to inform the System Operator for reparation or maintenance.

Stratum-1

'Stratum' refers to the number of levels removed from the source or reference clock. Stratum-1 time servers are time servers that are directly connected to a basic time source by a hardwire connection (e.g., RS-232). The reference clock typically synchronizes to the correct time (UTC) using GPS transmissions, CDMA technology or other time signals.

Stratum-2

'Stratum' refers to the number of levels removed from the source or reference clock. Stratum-2 servers are time servers that are 2 steps removed from a basic time source (e.g., atomic clock). Stratum-2 time servers request time from Stratum-1 servers.

Subsystem

An integrated set of components that accomplish a clearly distinguishable set of functions with similar or related uses.

Support Service

A provision of an interface of an object to support actions of another object. Or more simply, to provide (someone or something) with something that is needed or wanted. Support services enable the secure, managed operation of Applications.

Synchronization

The act or results of occurrence or operating at the same time or rate.

System

1) A collection of interacting elements organized to accomplish a specified function or set of functions within a specified environment. Typically the System Elements within the System are operationally self-contained but are interconnected and collaborate to meet the needs of the System and its Users.

2) A group of people, objects, and procedures constituted to achieve defined objectives of some operational role by performing specified functions. A complete system includes all of the associated equipment, facilities, material, computer programs, firmware, technical documentation, services, and personnel required for operations and support to the degree necessary for self-sufficient use in its intended environment.

Note the scope of a "system" depends on one's viewpoint. To a sign manufacturer, a dynamic message sign is a "system". To a state DOT, the same sign is only a component of a larger Freeway Management "System". In a connected vehicle architecture, a Freeway Management System is a part of the overall surface transportation "system" for a region.

System Element

1) A collection of interacting components organized to accomplish a specified function or set of functions within a specified environment.

2) An object and procedures constituted to achieve defined objectives of some operational role by performing specified functions. A complete system element includes all of the associated equipment, facilities, material, computer programs, firmware, technical documentation, services, and personnel required for operations and support to the degree necessary for self-sufficient use in its intended environment. An integrated set of components that accomplish a clearly distinguishable set of functions with similar or related uses.

System Inventory

The list of all ITS-related elements in a regional ITS architecture or connected vehicle project architecture.

System Need

A capability that is identified and supported within the System to accomplish a specific goal or solve a problem.

System Personnel

The staff that operates and maintains the System. In addition to network managers and operations personnel, System Personnel includes the Administrators, Operators, Maintainers, Developers, Deployment teams, and Testers.

System User

System Users refers to Mobile, Field, and Center Systems - the components/elements of the overall domain that interact with each other to access system resources and share information.

Systems Engineering

Defined by International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) as an interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful systems. It focuses on defining customer needs and required functionality early in the development cycle, documenting requirements, and then proceeding with design synthesis and system validation while considering the complete problem. Systems engineering integrates all the disciplines and specialty groups into a team effort forming a structured development process that proceeds from concept to production to operation. Systems engineering considers both the business and the technical needs of all customers with the goal of providing a quality product that meets the user needs.